ABSTRACT
Objective: Evidence from developing countries on the association between women’s endorsement of attitudes justifying partner abuse and their use of reproductive health services is suggestive but inconclusive. This study uses a nationally representative dataset from Lao PDR to provide strong evidence for the relationship between women’s endorsement of attitudes justifying partner abuse and use of reproductive health services.Methods: This study used data from the 2011–2012 Lao Social Indicator survey (LSIS). The analyses were performed on the responses of 4227 women. The exposure of interest in this study was endorsement of attitudes justifying partner abuse. Antenatal care (ANC) visits divided according to amount and quality, delivery care by type and place, and utilization of postnatal care (PNC) for mothers and newborn infants were used as representative outcome variables of reproductive health service utilization.Results: Approximately seven out of ten respondents (67.9%) believed that partner abuse was justified. Women who endorsed these attitudes were significantly less likely to receive any ANC, to seek institutional delivery, and to use trained medical personnel for delivery assistance. Endorsing attitudes were associated with reduced probability of receiving PNC services for mothers and newborn infants, reduced frequency of ANC visits, and receiving a fewer number of ANC components. Other sociodemographic factors likely to affect the increased utilization of several of the indicators of reproductive health care were living in the central region, belonging to the high bands of wealth, having higher level of education, being a young adult (20–34 years) or older (35–49 years), residing in urban areas, and being sexually empowered.Conclusions: In addition to a broad range of sociodemographic factors, our findings suggested that women’s endorsement of attitudes justifying partner abuse should be treated as an important psychosocial determinant of reproductive health care service utilization in Lao PDR.
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of some demographic, socio-economic and household-related factors associated with compilation during childbirth among women in Bangladesh. The study uses data from the 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health survey [BDHS, 2004] according to two times spans 1990-1999 and 2000-2004. The findings reveal that the major delivery-related complications as reported by the women, between 1990-99 and 2000-2004 include long labour [14.9 and 17.3 percent [, excessive bleeding [7.9 and 11.2 percent], high fever [3.5 and 4.8 percent] and convulsion [3.3 and 3.3 percent]. The bivariate analysis suggest that both groups of these two-time interval mothers who have received sufficient ANC, took delivery assistance from medically trained personnel and mothers who are highly educated; using drinking water form safe source and also using modern toilet facilities leading to less suffering from pregnancy-related complications as against their opposite counterparts. The logistic regression analysis elucidates that mother's age at birth, mother's education sources of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, ANC receiving and delivery assistance have significant effect on complications at childbirth
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Obstetric Labor Complications , Pregnancy , Logistic Models , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
The samples of secondary packaging items [cartons, labels and package inserts] of 45 essential drug products used at Union health and family welfare center and Thana health complex level, that included 23 solid [tablet and capsule], 34 liquid [syrup, suspension, and injectables] and 4 semisolid [ointment and cream] preparations either manufactured in Bangladesh or imported by local distributing agencies, were thoroughly examined from April 30, 2005 to March 31, 2006 on the basis of 32 parameters which are usually regarded important for the labeling of any pharmaceutical preparation including essential drug products. Many of the products were available simultaneously as solid, liquid and topical [total 74 different] dosage forms and all dosage forms have been considered in this study. The secondary packaging items of a total of 58 pharmaceutical companies for 45 generics of essential drug products have been collected, sorted/arranged and meticulously studied, and packaging parameters were accumulated for analysis. It has been observed that many of the important packaging information were either completely missing or not properly described. This study was aimed at examining the extent of the packaging information provided in the secondary packaging items